2017 was the second best year ever for Marmorkrebs research

This is an annual tradition here on the Marmorkrebs blog! It’s fun to make this graph longer and longer every year...

In terms of straight journal articles, 2017 was tied with 2016: fifteen each. There was just no book dropping a set of chapters to lift the total like last year

There were some significant papers this year. There was a proposal to elevate Marmorkrebs to its own species. Part of this included deposition of reference specimens in a museum, which should be a useful long-term resource, regardless of whether the community moves to the proposed new species name, Procambarus virginalis.

The number of introduced populations continued to increase, with more reports in the scientific literature of European locations and newspaper reports of more discoveries in Japan.

And perhaps most excitingly for next year, there were several doctoral theses that will hopefully become publications in the near future. Maybe even 2018! (One paper, by Císař and others, has already been published with a 2018 publication date.)

The overall trendline still shows no sign of flattening.

Related posts

2008 was the best year ever for Marmorkrebs research
2009 was tied for the best year ever in Marmorkrebs research
2010 was the best year ever for Marmorkrebs research
2011 was not the best year ever for Marmorkrebs research
2012 was an average year for Marmorkrebs research
2013 was the second best year ever for Marmorkrebs research
2014 was a good year for Marmorkrebs research
2015 was the best year ever for Marmorkrebs research

2016 was the best year ever for Marmorkrebs research

Císař and colleagues, 2018

Císař P, Saberioon M, Kozák P, Pautsina A. 2018. Fully contactless system for crayfish heartbeat monitoring: undisturbed crayfish as bio-indicator. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 255(1): 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.07.160

Abstract

The crayfish is widely accepted as very sensitive and fast bio-indicator of changes in water quality. Studies based on heart beat analysis demonstrated the potential of using crayfish as a detector of pollutants consequently several computer-aided systems were developed to use this mechanism. The main complication with applying such a system is the necessity of using metal wires or optical fibres to transmit the signal from sensor which is placed on back of the crayfish to the processing hardware; these attachments restrict system design to one crayfish in one aquarium. We introduced an original system for crayfish heart beat monitoring based on completely non-invasive/contactless hardware. The system can determine crayfish heart beat frequency using only the combination of near infra-red (NIR) illuminator and sensitive camera. The heart rate is the only parameter needed in most of the studies using crayfish as a bio-indicator. We developed the system which needs no attachment, so more crayfish in one aquarium can be monitored simultaneously and it provides accurate information on heart rate and crayfish need no adaptation to the system. It can be used as equivalent to existing systems to simplify the crayfish studies.

Keywords: crayfish • bio-indicator • heart rate • contactless • non-invasive • water quality

Veselý and colleagues, 2017

Veselý L, Boukal DS, Buřič M, Kozák P, Kouba A, Sentis A. 2017. Effects of prey density, temperature and predator diversity on nonconsumptive predator-driven mortality in a freshwater food web. Scientific Reports 7: 18075. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17998-4

Abstract

Nonconsumptive predator-driven mortality (NCM), defined as prey mortality due to predation that does not result in prey consumption, is an underestimated component of predator-prey interactions with possible implications for population dynamics and ecosystem functioning. However, the biotic and abiotic factors influencing this mortality component remain largely unexplored, leaving a gap in our understanding of the impacts of environmental change on ecological communities. We investigated the effects of temperature, prey density, and predator diversity and density on NCM in an aquatic food web module composed of dragonfly larvae (Aeshna cyanea) and marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax f. virginalis) preying on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry. We found that NCM increased with prey density and depended on the functional diversity and density of the predator community. Warming significantly reduced NCM only in the dragonfly larvae but the magnitude depended on dragonfly larvae density. Our results indicate that energy transfer across trophic levels is more efficient due to lower NCM in functionally diverse predator communities, at lower resource densities and at higher temperatures. This suggests that environmental changes such as climate warming and reduced resource availability could increase the efficiency of energy transfer in food webs only if functionally diverse predator communities are conserved.

Keywords: None provided.

Levy and colleagues, 2017

Levy T, Rosen O, Simons O, Alkalay AS, Sagi A. 2017. The gene encoding the insulin-like androgenic gland hormone in an all-female parthenogenetic crayfish. PLOS ONE 12(12): e0189982. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189982

Abstract

Male sexual differentiation in crustaceans is controlled by the androgenic gland (AG), a unique male endocrine organ that, in decapods, is located at the base of the 5th pereiopod. In these animals, the insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (IAG) is the major factor secreted from the AG to induce masculinization and maintain male characteristics. It has, however, recently been proposed that this hormone also plays a role in growth and ovarian development in females. In this study, we tested such a possibility by searching for the IAG gene in the marbled crayfish, a parthenogenetic animal that reproduces asexually to form an all-female genetic clone. Based on the phylogenetic relationship between the marbled crayfish and Procambarus fallax, a gonochoristic species of the same North American Cambaridae family, we searched for the IAG gene in the marbled crayfish and then fully sequenced it. The open reading frame of the gene was found to be completely identical in the two species, and their introns shared over 94% identity. It was also found that, in addition to its expression at the base of the 5th pereiopod and in the testes of male P. fallax crayfish, IAG was expressed in the muscle tissue of P. fallax males and females and even of the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish. These findings provide new insight into possible functions of IAG, in addition to its role as a masculinization-inducing factor, and also constitute the basis for a discussion of the evolutionary relationship between the above two species.

Keywords: None provided.

22nd International Symposium on Freshwater Crayfish announcement

The eastern US is the plce to be for crustacean research next year. It will not only host the International Crustacean Congress in Washington, it will be hosting the next Astacology meeting in Pittsburgh. Mark your calendars for 9-13 July 2018!

External links

IAA22 meeting announcement

Lyko, 2017

Lyko F. 2017. The marbled crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) represents an independent new species. Zootaxa 4363(4): 544-552. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.6

Abstract

Marbled crayfish are a globally expanding population of parthenogenetically reproducing freshwater decapods. They are closely related to the sexually reproducing slough crayfish, Procambarus fallax, which is native to the southeastern United States. Previous studies have shown that marbled crayfish are morphologically very similar to P. fallax. However, different fitness traits, reproductive incompatibility and substantial genetic differences suggest that the marbled crayfish should be considered an independent species. This article provides its formal description and scientific name, Procambarus virginalis sp. nov.

Keywords: Crustacea • parthenogenesis • annulus ventralis • genetic analysis • mitochondrial DNA

Marenkov and colleagues, 2017

Marenkov O, Kovalchuk J, Shapovalenko Z, Naboka O, Nesterenko O, Dzhobolda B. 2017. Parameters of the histological adaptation of Marmorkrebs Procambarus fallax f. virginal (sic) (Decapoda, Cambaridae) to zinc and cadmium ions pollution. World Scientific News 90: 189-202. http://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/WSN-90-2017-189-202.pdf

Abstract

Due to the fact that marbled crayfish (Marmorkrebs) got into the reservoirs of the Dnipropetrovsk region in 2015, it was necessary to study the possibilities of its adaptation to environmental factors of reservoirs for further prediction of its distribution or even acclimatization under conditions of toxicological contamination of the ponds of the steppe Prydniprovya. The article presents the results of studies on the influence of heavy metal ions on marbled crayfish. It was determined that zinc and cadmium ions affect weight indicators, survival and reproduction of experimental crayfish. Experimentally simulated concentrations of heavy metals on the example of zinc – 0.1 mg/l (10 MPC) and cadmium – 0.01 mg/l (2 MPC) allowed detecting the reaction of the excretory system of marbled crayfish. It is determined that under the influence of heavy metal ions the area of glandulocytes cells decreases by 10.4–14.8%. Also, there is a decrease in the cellular nucleus, thus, under the influence of zinc, the nucleus of the secretory cells was 23.6% smaller, and under the influence of cadmium by 17.5%. To study the influence of zinc and cadmium on the glandular cells of the green gland of marbled crayfish, the index of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) was used. The indicator of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio allows estimating the level of metabolism and detecting the manifestation of compensatory reactions of the organism of experimental crayfish. The value of NCR in the experiment and control was not statistically different and ranged from 0.29 to 0.31 units. This indicates an interproportional reduction in both the cytoplasm of the cells of the green gland and their nuclei, caused by heavy metals exposure. The negative influence of heavy metals on the histostructure of hepatopancreas of marbled crayfish was determined; significant changes in the structure of tissue were noted, heavy metals influenced the shape of the hepatopancerase lobes and the size of the lumen. The worst histological picture of cells of experimental tissues and organs of marbled crayfish was observed in individuals exposed to cadmium ions due to the toxicological effects of this heavy metal. Investigation of the histological structure of tissues and organs of marbled crayfish will allow the development of measures for the determination of biomarkers for the bioindication of the aquatic environment using freshwater crayfish. The results of such studies have an important fundamental and applied significance for understanding the mechanisms of adaptation of crustaceans to the conditions of toxicological burden on aquatic ecosystems.

Keywords: Procambarus fallax f. virginalis Martin et al., 2010 • marbled crayfish • heavy metals • glandulocytes • hepatopancreas

(Edit, 13 September 2018: This entry was originally posted with the authors’ given names and surnames reversed. Apologies for the confusion.)